経営Ⅱ－Ａ

201	Protected Areas and biodiversity conservation in Myanmar
Naing Zaw Htun （九大生資環学府）吉田茂二郎溝上展也村上拓彦	Myanmar is among the most biologically diverse countries in mainland Southeast Asia. Protected area constitutes a corner stone for conserving biodiversity. Myanmar has established protected areas for about 90 years. As many other developing countries, Myanmar is no exception in facing problems in managing protected areas. Although the primary objective of the protected area is to protect wildlife species and habitats, subsistence reliance of local people on their adjacent protected area should also be considered. In Myanmar, local people are still excluded from protected area management and their feeling is ignored and this lead to the outbreak of park-people conflict. Alternative management approach, which can trade off biodiversity conservation objectives and local community's basic needs, should be developed and this may lead to the sustainable protected area management.

201

Protected Areas and biodiversity conservation in Myanmar

Naing Zaw Htun
（九大生資環学府）
吉田茂二郎
溝上展也
村上拓彦

　Myanmar is among the most biologically diverse countries in mainland Southeast Asia. Protected area constitutes a corner stone for conserving biodiversity. Myanmar has established protected areas for about 90 years. As many other developing countries, Myanmar is no exception in facing problems in managing protected areas. Although the primary objective of the protected area is to protect wildlife species and habitats, subsistence reliance of local people on their adjacent protected area should also be considered. In Myanmar, local people are still excluded from protected area management and their feeling is ignored and this lead to the outbreak of park-people conflict. Alternative management approach, which can trade off biodiversity conservation objectives and local community's basic needs, should be developed and this may lead to the sustainable protected area management.

202	Assessment of land Use changes and prediction of probability of deforestation : A case study in Paunglaung watershed
Myat Su Mon （九大生資環学府） Kyaw Htun Maung Maung Than 吉田茂二郎	Today deforestation is regarded as a serious global issue. Its ripple effect can eventually contribute to a variety of environmental problems. Land use changes in forested areas can cause deforestation leading to watershed degradation. Forest cover change assessment was carried out in Paunglaung watershed of Myanmar. Landsat images of different time sets were analysed under supervised classification by using TNTmips 6.4 software. Analysis of remote sensing data indicated that according to the change detection between 1989 and 2000, forest area decreased from 2,837 km2 (61.25%) to 2,478 km2 (53.51%) during 11 years and 0.7% of the forest cover was annually lost. Indeed, socio-economic condition of the local people is one of the important factors which contribute to deforestation and it is very important to understand the relationship between the natural forest and its adjacent local communities. A logistic regression model was constructed by using SPSS ver.11.1 to predict deforestation by socio-economic conditions of local people as independent variables. The model revealed that population growth, percent of income from the forest resources and use of firewood for energy were the most responsible factors for deforestation in the study area.

202

Assessment of land Use changes and prediction of probability of deforestation
: A case study in Paunglaung watershed

Myat Su Mon
（九大生資環学府）
Kyaw Htun
Maung Maung Than
吉田茂二郎

　Today deforestation is regarded as a serious global issue. Its ripple effect can eventually contribute to a variety of environmental problems. Land use changes in forested areas can cause deforestation leading to watershed degradation. Forest cover change assessment was carried out in Paunglaung watershed of Myanmar. Landsat images of different time sets were analysed under supervised classification by using TNTmips 6.4 software. Analysis of remote sensing data indicated that according to the change detection between 1989 and 2000, forest area decreased from 2,837 km2 (61.25%) to 2,478 km2 (53.51%) during 11 years and 0.7% of the forest cover was annually lost. Indeed, socio-economic condition of the local people is one of the important factors which contribute to deforestation and it is very important to understand the relationship between the natural forest and its adjacent local communities. A logistic regression model was constructed by using SPSS ver.11.1 to predict deforestation by socio-economic conditions of local people as independent variables. The model revealed that population growth, percent of income from the forest resources and use of firewood for energy were the most responsible factors for deforestation in the study area.

203	沖縄島北部の亜熱帯林における人為インパクトの現状報告
高嶋敦史（琉大農）	沖縄島北部に広がるヤンバルの森林には，数多くの貴重な動植物が生育しており，保全の重要性が叫ばれている。また，伐採活動や森林開発に伴う，海洋への赤土の流出も大きな問題になっている。しかし，伐採や林道の開設といった人為活動は現在も継続されており，生態系への影響が懸念される。本発表では，ヤンバル地域で実施されている人為活動の現状について報告を行い，この地域の森林利用のあり方について問題提起を行う。また，その根拠となりうる今後のデータ収集や，研究の手法についても提案を行う。

203

沖縄島北部の亜熱帯林における人為インパクトの現状報告

高嶋敦史
（琉大農）

沖縄島北部に広がるヤンバルの森林には，数多くの貴重な動植物が生育しており，保全の重要性が叫ばれている。また，伐採活動や森林開発に伴う，海洋への赤土の流出も大きな問題になっている。しかし，伐採や林道の開設といった人為活動は現在も継続されており，生態系への影響が懸念される。本発表では，ヤンバル地域で実施されている人為活動の現状について報告を行い，この地域の森林利用のあり方について問題提起を行う。また，その根拠となりうる今後のデータ収集や，研究の手法についても提案を行う。

204	西表島における森林植物とイノシシ猟について
新本光孝（琉大熱生研西表）石垣長健新里孝和安里練雄呉立潮	亜熱帯沖縄における天然林の資源植物学的研究の一環として，西表島におけるノシシ猟と森林植物との関わりを調査し、リュウキュウイノシシにまつわる狩猟について民族学的視点からイノシシ猟の変遷、猪垣の実態、および罠に利用されている植物について明らかにした。イノシシ猟は圧し罠猟、イヌ猟、ハネ罠猟へと変遷し、猪垣は砂岩、サンゴで積まれ、石積みの低い場所や湿地ではサガリバナ(Barrintonia rasemosa)を利用した木柵が構築されていることがわかった。現在、罠に用いられているハネ木は弾力性の強いシマミサオノキ、(Randia canthioides)イスノキ (Distylium racemosum)、モクタチバナ(Ardisia sieboldii)、アデク(Syzygium buxifolium)、アカテツ(Planchonella obovata)、他15種が用いられ、これらの植物は亜熱帯照葉樹林の低木層を構成している樹種であることが明らかになった。

204

西表島における森林植物とイノシシ猟について

新本光孝
（琉大熱生研西表）
石垣長健
新里孝和
安里練雄
呉立潮

亜熱帯沖縄における天然林の資源植物学的研究の一環として，西表島におけるノシシ猟と森林植物との関わりを調査し、リュウキュウイノシシにまつわる狩猟について民族学的視点からイノシシ猟の変遷、猪垣の実態、および罠に利用されている植物について明らかにした。イノシシ猟は圧し罠猟、イヌ猟、ハネ罠猟へと変遷し、猪垣は砂岩、サンゴで積まれ、石積みの低い場所や湿地ではサガリバナ(Barrintonia rasemosa)を利用した木柵が構築されていることがわかった。現在、罠に用いられているハネ木は弾力性の強いシマミサオノキ、(Randia canthioides)イスノキ (Distylium racemosum)、モクタチバナ(Ardisia sieboldii)、アデク(Syzygium buxifolium)、アカテツ(Planchonella obovata)、他15種が用いられ、これらの植物は亜熱帯照葉樹林の低木層を構成している樹種であることが明らかになった。